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A switch is necessary instead of a socket for a water heater for the following reasons:

1. Safety: A fixed switch ensures that the water heater can be completely disconnected from the power supply when needed, which is particularly important during maintenance or in case of faults.
2. Regulations: In Norway, the regulations (NEK 400) require that fixed appliances, such as water heaters, must have a visible disconnection option, such as a switch. A socket is not considered a sufficient disconnection method in such cases.
3. Load: A water heater often draws a lot of current over a long period. A dedicated switch is designed to handle this better than a standard socket, which may become overloaded and overheat.
4. Fixed installations: A water heater is considered a fixed installation and must therefore be connected to the electrical system via a fixed installation, such as a switch, and not through a temporary solution like a socket.

Therefore, it is both necessary and required according to NEK 400 to replace the socket with a switch.